“There is compelling evidence from preclinical studies that L-carnitine and ALCAR can improve energy status, decrease oxidative stress and prevent subsequent cell death in models of adult, neonatal and pediatric brain injury.” (Ferreira GC, McKenna MC, 2017)

“ALCAR increases synaptic neurotransmission in the brain and consequently improves learning capacity in aging rats.” (Kobayashi S, et al, 2010)

“Findings indicate that ALC improved the arsenic-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction which underlines the importance of ALC in providing a possible therapeutic strategy for the prevention of arsenic-induced neurodegeneration.” (Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, et al, 2018)

“Bacopa monnieri has also been shown to improve specific domains of cognition, sensitive to age associated cognitive decline (particularly processing speed and memory). [...] Bacopa monnieri supplementation could theoretically enhance and strengthen synaptic changes acquired through cognitive training.” (McPhee GM, et al, 2016)

“Bacopa can limit inflammation in the CNS [central nervous system], and offers a promising source of novel therapeutics for the treatment of many CNS disorders.” (Nemetchek MD, et al, 2017)

“This review highlights the safe use of Bacopa monnieri in child and adolescent populations for improving elements of cognition as well as behaviour and attention-deficit domains.” (Kean JD, et al, 2016)

“Improvement of some memory functions has been observed in cognitively impaired subjects as a result of PS supplementation [...]” (Kim HY, et al, 2014)

“PS significantly improved ADHD symptoms and short-term auditory memory in children.” (Hirayama S, et al, 2014)

Researchers analyzed 127 articles regarding PS and the human brain. They concluded: “[Phosphatidylserine] supports human cognitive functions, including the formation of short-term memory, the consolidation of long-term memory, the ability to create new memories, the ability to retrieve memories, the ability to learn and recall information, the ability to focus attention and concentrate, the ability to reason and solve problems, language skills, and the ability to communicate. It also supports locomotor functions, especially rapid reactions and reflexes.” (Glade MJ, Smith K, 2015)

“HupA treatment significantly attenuated markers of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the injured mice. Taken together, HupA was effective in reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and behavioral recovery after TBI.” (Mei Z, et al, 2017)

“Huperzine-A is a compound extracted from the herbs of the Huperziceae family. It is known as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, which means that it stops an enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine which results in increases in acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is known as the learning neurotransmitter, and is involved in muscle contraction as well. Increasing levels of acetylcholine is routinely used as a technique amongst weight-lifters and scholars.” (source)